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COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts

Coronavirus vaccine research Coronavirus vaccine challenges Pathways to develop and produce a COVID-19 vaccine The vaccine development timeline How to protect yourself and prevent COVID-19 infection Content What are the benefits of getting a COVID-19 vaccine? Should I get the COVID-19 vaccine even if I've already had COVID-19? What COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized or approved and how do they work? Can a COVID-19 vaccine give you COVID-19? What are the possible general side effects of a COVID-19 vaccine? What are the long-term side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines? Can COVID-19 vaccines affect the heart? What is the connection between the Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome? What are the symptoms of a blood clotting reaction to the Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine? Do the COVID-19 vaccines protect against the COVID-19 variants? Are COVID-19 vaccines free? Can I get a COVID-19 vaccine if I have an existing health condition? Is it OK to take an over-the-counter pain medication before or after getting a COVID-19 vaccine? Is there anyone who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine? What are the signs of an allergic reaction to a COVID-19 vaccine? Can I get a COVID-19 vaccine if I have a history of allergic reactions? Can pregnant or breastfeeding women get the COVID-19 vaccine? Can a COVID-19 vaccine affect fertility or menstruation? What COVID-19 vaccine has been approved for kids? If children don’t frequently experience severe illness with COVID-19, why do they need a COVID-19 vaccine? How did the FDA determine the safety and effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for use in kids ages 12 through 15? Can I stop taking safety precautions after getting a COVID-19 vaccine? Can I still get COVID-19 after I’m vaccinated? Are COVID-19 vaccine additional doses or boosters recommended?

Coronavirus vaccine research

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 is caused by a virus that's closely related to the one that causes SARS. For this reason, scientists named the new virus SARS-CoV-2.

While vaccine development can take years, researchers aren't starting from scratch to develop a COVID-19 vaccine. Past research on SARS and MERS vaccines has identified potential approaches.

Coronaviruses have a spike-like structure on their surface called an S protein. (The spikes create the corona-like, or crown-like, appearance that gives the viruses their name.) The S protein attaches to the surface of human cells. A vaccine that targets this protein would prevent it from binding to human cells and stop the virus from reproducing.

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