Which medications are commonly used for osteoporosis treatment?

Bisphosphonates are the most common medications prescribed for osteoporosis treatment. These include:

• Alendronate (Fosamax)
• Risedronate (Actonel)
• Ibandronate (Boniva)
• Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Hormones, such as estrogen, can play a role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, there has been some concern about potential side effects tied to the use of hormone therapy. Current recommendations say to use the lowest dose of hormones for the shortest period of time.

Still, women who have reasons — such as menopausal symptoms — to consider using hormones can weigh the benefit of improved bone health into their decision.

Some hormonelike medications also are approved for preventing and treating osteoporosis, such as raloxifene (Evista).

Denosumab (Prolia, Xgeva) is a newer medication shown to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture in women and men. Unrelated to bisphosphonates, denosumab might be used in people who can't take a bisphosphonate, such as some people with reduced kidney function.

Teriparatide (Forteo) is typically reserved for men and postmenopausal women who have very low bone density, who have had fractures or whose osteoporosis is caused by steroid medication. Teriparatide has the potential to rebuild bone.

Abaloparatide (Tymlos) is the newest osteoporosis medication. Like teriparatide, it has the potential to rebuild bone. In a research trial comparing these two treatments, abaloparatide appeared to be as effective as teriparatide but was less likely to cause an excess of calcium.