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Penis health: Identify and prevent problems

What are the most common penis problems?

Conditions that can involve your penis include:

  • Erection or ejaculation problems. These might include the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough for sex (erectile dysfunction) or, uncommonly, a persistent and usually painful erection that isn't caused by sexual stimulation or arousal (priapism). Other concerns include the inability to ejaculate, premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, painful ejaculation, reduced ejaculation or retrograde ejaculation, when semen enters the bladder instead of emerging through the penis.
  • Anorgasmia. In some cases, men might not be able to achieve an orgasm despite adequate stimulation. This might reflect hormonal problems, such as low testosterone, or indicate an underlying problem with the nerves. Medications or diseases such as diabetes might make this condition more likely.
  • Changes in libido. Reduced desire for sex (libido) can be due to several conditions, including a hormonal imbalance, relationship issues or even depression. Significant and abrupt increases in libido, particularly in older men, might be due to substance use or conditions affecting the brain. Discuss an abrupt change in libido with your doctor.
  • Sexually transmitted infections. Various sexually transmitted infections can affect the penis, including genital warts, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis and genital herpes. Common signs and symptoms include painful urination, penis discharge, and sores or blisters on the penis or in the genital area.
  • Problems with the foreskin. A condition known as phimosis occurs when the foreskin on an uncircumcised penis can't be retracted from the penis head. This can lead to infections, as well as cause painful urination and erections.

    Paraphimosis occurs when the foreskin can't be returned to its normal position after being retracted. This condition can cause painful swelling of the penis and impaired blood flow.

  • Other diseases and conditions. A yeast infection can cause a reddish rash and white patches on the penis. Inflammation of the head of the penis (balanitis) might cause pain and a foul discharge. Peyronie's disease, a chronic condition that involves the development of abnormal scar tissue in tissues inside the penis, might result in bent or painful erections.

    Penile cancer — which might begin as a blister on the foreskin, head or shaft of the penis and then become a wartlike growth that discharges watery pus — also is a rare possibility.

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