Symptoms

Small arteriovenous fistulas in your legs, arms, lungs, kidneys or brain often won't have any signs or symptoms and usually don't need treatment other than monitoring by your doctor. Large arteriovenous fistulas may cause signs and symptoms.

Arteriovenous fistula signs and symptoms may include:

• Purplish, bulging veins that you can see through your skin, similar to varicose veins
• Swelling in the arms or legs
• Decreased blood pressure
• Fatigue
• Heart failure

A significant arteriovenous fistula in your lungs (pulmonary arteriovenous fistula) is a serious condition and can cause:

• A bluish tinge to the skin
• Clubbing of fingers (the fingertips spread out and become rounder than normal)
• Coughing up blood

An arteriovenous fistula in your gastrointestinal tract can cause bleeding in your digestive tract.

When to see a doctor

If you have any of these signs and symptoms and think you might have an arteriovenous fistula, make an appointment to see your doctor. Early detection of an arteriovenous fistula may make your condition easier to treat. It also may reduce your risk of developing complications, including blood clots or heart failure.