Treatment

One of two surgical treatments can be used to treat hydrocephalus.

Shunt

The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is the surgical insertion of a drainage system, called a shunt. It consists of a long, flexible tube with a valve that keeps fluid from the brain flowing in the right direction and at the proper rate.

One end of the tubing is usually placed in one of the brain's ventricles. The tubing is then tunneled under the skin to another part of the body — such as the abdomen or a heart chamber — where the excess fluid can be more easily absorbed.

People who have hydrocephalus usually need a shunt system for the rest of their lives. They require regular monitoring.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a surgical procedure that can be used for some people. The surgeon uses a small video camera see inside the brain. Your surgeon makes a hole in the bottom of one of the ventricles or between the ventricles to enable cerebrospinal fluid to flow out of the brain.

Complications of surgery

Both surgical procedures can result in complications. Shunt systems can stop draining cerebrospinal fluid or poorly regulate drainage because of mechanical problems, blockage or infections. Complications of ventriculostomy include bleeding and infections.

Any failure requires prompt attention, surgical revisions or other interventions. Fever or recurrence of the original symptoms of hydrocephalus should prompt an appointment with your doctor.

Other treatments

Some people with hydrocephalus, particularly children, might need additional treatment, depending on the severity of long-term complications of hydrocephalus.

Children's care teams might include the following:

• Pediatrician or physiatrist, who oversees the treatment plan and medical care
• Pediatric neurologist, who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders in children
• Occupational therapist, who specializes in therapy to develop everyday skills
• Developmental therapist, who specializes in therapy to help your child develop age-appropriate behaviors, social skills and interpersonal skills
• Mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist
• Social worker, who assists the family with getting needed services and planning for transitions in care

Children who are in school will likely need special education teachers, who address learning disabilities, determine educational needs and identify needed resources.

Adults with more-severe complications also might need the services of occupational therapists, social workers, specialists in dementia care or other medical specialists.