Diagnosis

Infection with the naegleria amoeba is usually confirmed through a laboratory test of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

To get a sample of CSF, a doctor performs a spinal tap (lumbar puncture). During this procedure, a needle is inserted between two vertebrae in the lower back. A small amount of CSF is removed and sent to a lab, where it is examined under a microscope to determine whether the naegleria amoeba is present. A spinal tap can also be used to measure the cerebrospinal fluid pressure and look for inflammatory cells.

Imaging tests

A doctor may order imaging tests, such as computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to reveal swelling and bleeding within the brain.

• CT scan. This procedure combines X-ray views taken from many different directions into detailed cross-sectional images.
• MRI. An MRI machine uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce extremely detailed images of soft tissues, such as the brain.