Risks

Limitations of bone density testing include:

• Differences in testing methods. Devices that measure density of the bones in the spine and hip are more accurate but cost more than do devices that measure density of the peripheral bones of the forearm, finger or heel.
• Previous spinal problems. Test results may not be accurate in people who have structural abnormalities in their spines, such as severe arthritis, previous spinal surgeries or scoliosis.
• Radiation exposure. Bone density testing uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation exposure is usually very small. Even so, pregnant women should avoid these tests.
• Lack of information about the cause. A bone density test can confirm that you have low bone density, but it can't tell you why. To answer that question, you need a more complete medical evaluation.
• Limited insurance coverage. Not all health insurance plans pay for bone density tests, so ask your insurance provider beforehand if this test is covered.