Why it's done

Concussion testing evaluates your brain's processing and thinking (cognitive) function after a head injury. A baseline concussion test may be performed before a sports season starts for athletes at risk of head injuries.

A baseline concussion test shows how well your brain is currently functioning and may be useful in diagnosing a concussion after an injury. A doctor may perform the test by asking questions, or testing may be done via computer.

This test may be repeated often, especially in younger athletes (usually age 10 and older) whose brains develop and change over time. Some athletes may need a baseline concussion test each year, with neuropsychological testing more often if they've had a concussion or have another medical condition.

After a concussion, testing may be repeated and compared to the previous test to look for any changes in your brain function. It can also be used as a guide to determine when the brain has recovered from a concussion.

Risks after a concussion

If you continue to play or return to play too early after a concussion, there is a significant risk of another concussion. A second concussion sustained while the initial concussion is healing can result in fatal brain swelling (second impact syndrome).

Repeat concussions can take longer to heal. Also, repeat concussions have a higher risk of causing permanent nervous system (neurological) damage.

Children, teens and female athletes may be at a higher risk of concussions than are others, and their recovery may be longer.

Individuals who have had a concussion should not return to play or activities until all symptoms are gone and they have been seen by a doctor or other health care professional with expertise in evaluating and treating people with concussions.

After concussion symptoms resolve and prior to returning to a sport or activity, people with concussions need to participate in a gradually progressive concussion exertional protocol, which usually lasts five to six days. Each day provides exercise that's progressively more challenging in exertion and intensity. Individuals must complete all levels without symptoms recurring to be cleared to return to sport and physical activity.